A new study suggests that a ketogenic diet may significantly reduce symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) in young adults. Over a 10–12 week period, participants saw an average 70% reduction in depressive symptoms while also reporting better cognitive performance, improved well-being, and modest weight loss.

Researchers say the findings support the idea that nutritional ketosis could serve as a useful supplement to traditional treatments like therapy and medication—not a replacement.

Study Overview

Conducted by Ohio State University, the pilot study followed 16 college students with diagnosed MDD. All participants were already receiving medication, counseling, or both when they began the ketogenic diet.

After about three months on the diet, depression scores dropped by roughly 70%, and participants also noted clearer thinking and an improved sense of wellness. The study was published on September 10 in Translational Psychiatry.

In comparison, standard treatments for depression typically lead to about a 50% improvement in symptoms within the same timeframe.

“This is a compelling result, especially alongside cognitive and emotional gains,” said Shelly Dar, a therapist specializing in mood disorders. “But it’s important to remember this was a small, uncontrolled study. We can’t draw firm conclusions yet.”

Why Keto May Support Brain Health

Originally developed to treat epilepsy, the ketogenic diet is gaining attention for its potential benefits in mental health.

When in ketosis, the body switches from using glucose to using ketones as its main fuel source. Mike Kocsis, founder of Balance My Hormones in the UK, explains that this metabolic shift may support mood and brain function.

“Ketones can improve mitochondrial function, reduce inflammation, and help regulate blood sugar—factors closely linked to mental health,” Kocsis said. “They may also boost GABA, a neurotransmitter that calms the brain.”

These effects could explain the participants’ improved mood and mental clarity during the study.

Expanding Mental Health Applications

Beyond depression, early research suggests that the ketogenic diet may have potential in supporting other mental health and neurological conditions, including:

• Bipolar disorder

• ADHD

• Schizophrenia

• Alzheimer’s disease

• Parkinson’s disease

A small 2024 study even found complete remission of depression and generalized anxiety in three adults after 7–12 weeks on a keto diet. However, more robust studies are needed to verify these findings.

A Complement—Not a Replacement—for Treatment

Experts are clear: while the results are promising, the keto diet is not a stand-alone cure for depression.

“In this study, participants continued their regular treatment alongside the diet,” Dar emphasized. “That’s key. Diet can help—but it’s not a substitute for therapy or medication.”

She also highlighted the potential risks of restrictive eating, particularly for those with a history of disordered eating. “Keto isn’t right for everyone. It can be isolating and hard to stick with. In some cases, it may even trigger unhealthy behaviors.”

Kocsis added that any dietary change should be introduced gradually and ideally under the guidance of a professional.

Taking Steps Toward Mental Wellness

If you’re dealing with depression, it’s important to seek support from a mental health provider. Treatment plans may include therapy, medication, lifestyle changes, or a combination of all three.

If your healthcare provider recommends a ketogenic diet as part of your plan, Kocsis suggests transitioning slowly—cutting carbs over one to two weeks to avoid side effects like “keto flu.” He also recommends eating nutrient-rich whole foods, healthy fats, and lean proteins.

Dar noted that less restrictive diets, like the Mediterranean diet, have also shown mental health benefits and may be easier to follow long term.

“The most important thing is finding a routine that supports your mental health without adding stress,” she said.

Both experts agree that habits like good sleep, regular exercise, strong social connections, and limiting alcohol are just as essential to recovery.

“Small, steady changes—like building a daily routine or improving sleep—can have a powerful impact,” Dar added. “These foundations are often more important than any one diet or treatment.”